Volume 12 Issue 10
Variation in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Utilization and Radiation Exposure Associated with Prostatic Artery Embolization on Two Separate Angiography Systems
Abin Sajan,Daniel W. Griepp andAri J. Isaacson
1Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Urology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
2Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Ch 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly natural language processing (NLP) models such as ChatGPT, presents novel opportunities for patient education and informed consent. This study evaluated ChatGPT’s use as a support tool for informed consent before penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) following radical prostatectomy. Methods: ChatGPT-4 answered 20 frequently asked questions across four categories: ED and treatment, PPI surgery, complications, and postoperative care. Three senior urologists independently rated information quality using the DISCERN instrument on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (poor quality) to 5 (good quality). Readability was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) formulas, and inter-rater reliability was measured using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: The inter-rater reliability coefficient was 0.76 (95% CI 0.71–0.80). Mean DISCERN scores indicated moderate quality: 2.79 ± 0.92 for ED and treatment, 2.57 ± 0.98 for surgery, 2.65 ± 0.86 for complications, and 2.74 ± 0.90 for postoperative care. High scores (>4) were achieved for clarity and relevance, while complex issues, such as risks and alternative treatments, scored the lowest (<2). The FRE scores ranged from 9.8 to 28.39, and FKGL scores ranged from 14.04 to 17.41, indicating complex readability suitable for college-level comprehension. Conclusions: ChatGPT currently provides variable and often inadequate quality information without sufficient comprehensibility for informed patient decisions, indicating the need for further improvements in quality and readability.
Keywords:
erectile dysfunction; penile prosthesis; ChatGPT; natural language processing; informed consent; patient education