Volume 11 Issue 4
Correction of Femoral Torsional Deformities by Rotational Guided Growth
Michael Zaidman,Naum Simanovsky,Vladimir Goldman andEden Weisstub
1Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, 12203 Berlin, Germany
2Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
3Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, 14513 Teltow, Germany
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Abstract
Background/Introduction: Cardiac implantable electronic devices and their integrated thoracic impedance sensors have been used to detect sleep apnea for over a decade now. Despite their usage in daily clinical practice, there are only limited data on their diagnostic accuracy. Methods: AIRLESS and UPGRADE were prospective investigator-driven trials meant to validate the AP scan® (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) in heart failure cohorts. Patients, who either fulfilled the criteria for implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), or upgrading to CRT according to most recent guidelines at the time of study conduction, were eligible for enrolment. Sleep apnea and its severity, measured by apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), were assessed by polysomnography. For direct comparison, the apnea sensor-derived AP scan® was used from the identical night. Results: Overall, 80 patients were analyzed. Median AHI was 21.6 events/h (7.1–34.7), while median AP scan® was 33.0 events/h (26.0–43.0). In the overall cohort, the sensor-derived AP scan® correlated significantly with the AHI (r = 0.61, p < 0.001) with a mean difference (MD) of −12.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) −38.2 to 13.0). Furthermore, the AP scan® was found to correlate well with the AHI in patients with obstructive sleep apnea r = 0.73, p = 0.011, MD −5.2, 95% CI −22.7 to 12.3), but not central sleep apnea (r = 0.28, p = 0.348, MD −10.4, 95% CI −35.4 to 14.6). Conclusions: In an exclusive heart failure cohort, the AP scan® correlated well with the PSG-derived AHI. A similar correlation was found in most subgroups except for patients suffering from central sleep apnea.
Keywords: cardiac implantable electronic devices; sleep apnea; sleep-disordered breathing; screening; polysomnography; implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; cardiac resynchronization therapy; AP scan; ApneaScan; respiratory disturbance index